Essay Parkinsons Disease - 3763 Words

Parkinsons Disease In 1817, James Parkinson published his famous treatise: An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, describing the symptoms which now collectively bear his name. Although many scientists before his time had described various aspects of motor dysfunction (ataxia, paralysis, tremor) Parkinson was the first to collect them into a common syndrome; one which he believed formed a distinctive condition. His sixty-six page essay contained five chapters describing symptoms, differential diagnoses, causality, possible treatments, and prospects for future study. What is most intriguing concerning Parkinson’s analysis (besides its consistent accuracy) is the fact that his clinical observations and inferences were made by watching the†¦show more content†¦These simple movements are referred to as akathesia and can occur during inactivity as well as with motion. Muscular rigidity, on the other hand, reveals an increase in tonicity of both flexors and extensors, especially in the distal limbs. R esistance to movement is seen to a point. However, if sufficient force is used, the muscles give and movement occurs briefly over a short distance. Rigidity is then re-initiated after the movement has stopped. This form of stepwise motions is referred to as cogwheel rigidity; its severity is variable depending on localization of the lesion, extent of neural damage, and progression of the disease over time. It is culminated by an increased slowness with difficulty beginning and continuing most every kind of movement. Negative symptoms are not indicative of abnormal movements or actions. Rather, they are classified as revealing an absence or inability to perform certain behaviors. Such disorders fall into particular categories based on the type of movement in which the patient is deficient. There are three such categories: disorders of posture, locomotion, and speech. Disorders of posture are divided into deficits of equilibrium and fixation. Disorders of fixation center on the inability of a patient to begin or to maintain a part of his/her body in its normal position. Usually what is seen is a droopingShow MoreRelatedThe Parkinsons Disease1596 Words   |  6 PagesMany people around the world today suffer from Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. A movement disorder is a disorder impairing the speed, fluency, quality, and ease of movement. There are many types of movement disorders such as impaired fluency and speed of movement (dyskinesia), excessive movements (hyperkinesia ), and slurred movements (hypokinesia). Some types of movement disorders are ataxia, a lack of coordination, Huntingtons disease, multiple system atrophies, myoclonus, briefRead MoreThe Parkinsons Disease761 Words   |  3 PagesMathur states that â€Å"Genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger† (Mathur). Parkinson’s Disease (PD) exhibits this pattern, with the vast majority of PD cases being idiopathic, likely the result of combined genetic and environmental factors. While many researchers previously sought symptom-specific treatment, recent breakthroughs open the door for the discovery of genetic and environmental causes so that disease prevention, and even reversal, emerge as viable possibilities. Recent research demonstratesRead More Parkinsons Disease Essay1764 Words   |  8 PagesParkinson’s disease (PD) is a striatal dopamine deficiency disorder as a consequence of neuronal loss in the substania nigra. It is named after James Parkinson, a British apothecary, who first fully documented its physical signs in 1817. Since then, significant advances have been made in our understanding of characteristic pathophysiology as well as in the medical treatment of different stages of PD. An overview of condition features in terms of epidemiology, manifestations, diagnosis and diseaseRead MoreParkinson’s Disease Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can i mpair an individual motor as well as non-motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characterized by tremors or trembling in handsRead More Parkinsons Disease Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesParkinsons Disease Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the shaking palsy first described by James Parkinson in 1817, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affects in upwards of 1.5 million Americans. The disease begins to occur around age 40 and has incidence with patient age. One survey found that PD may affect 1% of the population over 60. Incidence seems to be more prominent in men, and tends to progress to incapacity and death over one or two decades. Clinical diagnosis of PD isRead MoreEssay on Parkinson’s Disease1305 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic neurological disease that effects about 329 per 100,000 people in the US. The average onset of this disease usually is for people over the age of 50, with the baby boomers getting older there may be an increase in this disease, as much as 9 million people worldwide. (Pawha 2010) Etiology The disease happens when the cells in the brain are damaged or stop-producing Dopamine, which helps with muscle movement, thus leaves those patients unable to control theirRead MoreParkinson’s Disease Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease (PD), known for its degenerative abilities and debilitating affects, is an illness that affects approximately 1 million Americans. The cause of this disease has not been pinpointed, although strides have been made towards a cure. As our elderly population increases, so does our overwhelming need to find a suitable cure that may one day eliminate this disease. Concepts of PD After watching the video: My father, My Brother, and Me, viewable at www.pbsRead MoreParkinsons Disease Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages Parkinsons Disease Parkinsons is an idiopathic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that attacks neurotransmitters in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is concentrated in a specific area of the brain called the substantia nigra. The neurotransmitter dopamine is a chemical that regulates muscle movement and emotion. Dopamine is responsible for relaying messages between the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain to control body movement. The death of these neurotransmitters affectsRead MoreParkinsons Disease Essay784 Words   |  4 PagesDiagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease is extremely important in terms of treating the symptoms before the disease gets worse. It is common for patients with PD to have motor symptoms such as gait disorder, which comes from muscle stiffness/rigidity, bradykinesia, postural imbalance, etc. Gait disorders can generally help determine how far the neurological disorder has affected the motor function and control of the individual. Many physicians in general clinics determine if a patient has PD or if it hasRead MoreEssay on Parkinson’s Disease2135 Words   |  9 PagesParkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease is a disease with a wide variety of disabilities recognizable as changes in appearance, posture, walking, and balance. In 1817, the English physician James Parkinson described these symptoms in his patients and has had his name become synonymous with the disease. In 1893 the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia was identified as an area of disease for Parkinson’s. Examination with the naked eye reveals a lack of black pigment in this portion of the brainstem

Francis Bacon and Brett Whiteley Free Essays

Brett Whiteley and Francis Bacon Essay Question: Discuss the way Whiteley’s work; ‘Self Portrait in the Studio’ 1976, and Bacon’s ‘Figure in Movement, 1976’ show two very different approaches to practice. How have these artists used gesture, colour, and form differently in these works to explore totally different emotional and psychological territory? Francis Bacon and Brett Whiteley show two very different approaches to their practice. They use gesture, colour and form differently in these works to explore different emotional and psychological territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Francis Bacon and Brett Whiteley or any similar topic only for you Order Now The making of an artistic practice is based on the artist’s view of the things affecting and contributing to his society and perspective on the world. Differing styles in this depend on the artist and their intent in making their artwork which is evident in the two contrasting works of Whiteley’s ‘Self portrait in the studio’ 1976 and Bacon’s ‘Figure in movement, 1976’. They portray their views through a range of techniques. Artistic practice is the way in which an artist goes about their work. It refers to the conceptual and making processes of an artwork. An artist will find a suitable subject matter, develop skills and use visual codes and symbols to portray their ideas and concepts to hopefully trigger a certain audience response. An artist would want to be reflective of the society and world of that time to have the audience be able to connect with ideas and concepts they want to convey. How they make it and why they make it is a testimony to their different media, styles and techniques and also their use of the visual qualities and relationships as well as the influence of their global and personal world and other artists and their movements. Francis Bacon says that he is ‘deforming and reforming reality in his paintings’ this is evident in his work ‘Figure in movement, 1976’. Distorted features of the human form are typical with Bacons figurative style. Bacon stated that his aim was to ‘not make illustration of reality but to create images which are concentration of reality’. Subject matter is not something that Francis Bacon said he traditionally looks for but he was inspired by people like Muybridge and his photography of deformities and animal locomotion. In his studio he has collection of his works spread out on a table, ‘these things spread around the table are perhaps what more conventional artists would call subject matter’. He is also inspired by medical books of x-rays and diseases of the mouth which he interprets as beautiful and interesting. He finds dead carcasses of cattle in the butcher as one of the most vibrant colour palettes and interesting forms. In the background of the work there is a pig carcass which is evidence of his interpretation of beauty . He uses a mash of dark grey colours for the forms and a bright orange base with a black background ambiguously. In the work ‘Figure in movement, 1976’ Bacon based the conceptual idea from a book which had a line ‘The reek of human blood smiles out at me. ’ This provoked a strong sense of imagery which transformed in to his art and in particular this work of two distorted forms wrestling. He successfully depicts violence in to the work which has been fuelled from that line and the audience successfully receives it. Francis Bacon is seen as an artist who creates his work very unconventionally. He uses the unprimed side of a canvas as he became accustomed to it after losing all his money and using the other side of old paintings because he couldn’t afford new canvases. He does not do sketches before taking on a painting and feels whichever way his brush takes him is the way that he wants to go. He says that ‘I have an overall image that I want to do but it’s in the working that it develops’, and ‘I believe in a deeply ordered chaos of work. Bacon never attended an art school because he thinks ‘I would have been taught all those old techniques that I just don’t want to know, I wanted to find my own techniques. You can’t any longer make illustration because it’s done so much better by the camera and the cinema. ’ He has a habit of manically working paint into a canvas not only with a paint brush but with cloths and dishwashing instr uments which adds to the frenzy of his work. Francis Bacon doesn’t put much emphasis on the meaning of his work but on the mood and feeling it creates, ’I do believe that today modern man wants a sensation really without the boredom of its conveyance, a cut down of conveyance as far as possible so you just give over to sensation’, though interestingly he says ‘I never feel anything when I do paintings there’s nothing to feel. ’ Many come away with the feeling of horror from a Bacon work but that’s not the intention ‘what horror could I make that could compete with what goes on every single day. Brett Whiteley’s painting ‘Self portrait in the studio’ won the Archibald prize in 1976. It was one of several Archibald prizes that he one in the ‘70’s. Whiteley was known for the topics of nudes, portraits, landscapes, still lifes of the female form, birds, and abstracts which all feature heavily in his self portrait of not only him but things that a re dear to him and reflect his life and work as represented in the form of his studio. In this work Whiteley is trying to express that ‘yes, this is a mirror image of myself but I am not just Brett Whiteley, I am also Brett Whiteley who is part of this environment at this time. This painting is a testimony to what he loves and his working space in which he has created his career from and his artistic practice. He expresses this by including important elements of his life. Brett Whiteley strongly uses emotive qualities of colour. The whole painting is held together by the unifying prevailing quality of blue which is his signature colour. He is recognised for this colour because he is always referencing the water especially in this painting of his studio overlooking the harbour in Lavender Bay. This colour is also spread on to the walls and acts as a calming effect on the receiving audience. The colour is rich and bright to contrast with other points of focus in the room. The way he has developed the forms and shapes in the room are meant to convey the idea of man only being as big as any other point of reference. Whiteley reinforces this idea by making all focal points distorted and exaggerated. This is a celebration of his interest in female form and his figurative sculpture works. It is evident in ‘Self Portrait in the Studio’ that Whiteley has worked with slow, spontaneous gestures and worked back in to the canvas with scratches. The drawings of surroundings are minimal and simplistic and have been drawn with free loose lines to convey emotion. Whiteley says that ‘the best times when paintings are done when I’m not in charge of it all, if I keep my ego out of it there is kind of a pure flow of that recommendation and that solution of a kind of neat rightness that goes in as best and as accurately as one can. This approach contributes to the mood, feeling and meaning of the work and the sense of the way being an artist has impacted on his life. The small self portrait in comparison to his big studio also reflects how it dominates his life but is reflected as his most enjoyable escape. The painting also has a dream like feel showing his relationship with his art. Both of these two artists have very differently developed their practices. I think an interesting comparison between them is that Francis Bacon was always referencing death and in his documentary ‘The Art of Francis Bacon’ when talking about how Egyptian art inspired him said ‘I guess they were always trying to defeat death by leaving images but it won’t really make a difference. We will all be dead. ’ And that one of Brett Whiteley’s famous quote is ‘Art is the thrilling spark that beats death, that’s all. ’ I think these two conflicting statements perfectly sum up the contrast they have in ideas and show how they explore emotional and psychological territory differently. How to cite Francis Bacon and Brett Whiteley, Essay examples

International Business Strategy

Question: Write an essay on the Holiday.Inc. Answer: Project Description: Holiday.Inc is one of the most important and a growing airline company in the world that provides various services to its wide range of customers. The project here is about Holiday.Inc Airline Company, or rather about the case study of the Holiday.Inc Airline Company, and about the detail information of the services that is being provided by this particular airline company. The number of customers and the visitor of the particular airlines is increasing day by day along with it the airline too, is improving them and increasing the services that is being provided by them to the customers. The new features that the airline wants to implement to increase the production include various features such as implementing a new information system and at the same time implementing a new flight reservation system for the customers. Along with it, the company wants to come up with new human resource management and sales and marketing systems, to support the day-to-day operations in the company. Ap art from all these system, the financial system of the company would be helpful for the growth and the development of the company and at the same time, it would help in the daily operational activity as well. The airline system is going to come up with new information system and the new information system, is helpful for the frequent flyers of the airline. The airline customers can be divided into ordinary and the frequent flyers and the frequent flyers would especially be helpful from this new information system. Identifying Scope and Boundaries Every project has certain scope as well as boundaries and the boundaries make sure that the daily operations are followed within those boundaries. The boundaries are created with the help of certain set of rules and regulation and the people in the project make sure that the rules and the regulations are followed properly and there should not be any breaching of these set of boundaries. The project scope contains a boundary statement and this particular boundary statement is applicable only to those areas that are there within the project scope. Since every project have certain amount of boundary therefore, this particular project too is not an exception and this particular project has a boundary at the same time, and the division between the two kinds of customers forms one kind of boundary. The Holiday.Inc Airline has two kinds of customers the ordinary and the frequent flyer, therefore, the customer of this airline company could be divided into these two main types, and along with it, there are two types of reservation system, one the ordinary flyer and the other the frequent flyer. The ordinary flyers are those, who do not travel by air on a regular basis and thus, they could not make their payments through cheque or cash and if they have to make their payment, they would have to use the credit card option only. Moreover, the ordinary flyers are not offered any kinds of discounts, as it is being offered to the frequent flyers, and at the same time, the ordinary flyers could not easily cancel their reservation as well. Identifying Stakeholders The stakeholders that are required for the new information system of the airline are the following people: CEO of the company is the most important person in the company since the company is a startup company. Therefore, it is important that the CEO of the company carries out all the responsibilities effectively and at the same time should assist the managers in the daily operations. Finance Manage ensures the maximum return on investment and at the same time, the finance manager ensures minimum risk that is being incurred for the company. The fianc manager also ensures that there is adequate control structure for the purpose of transfer and investment of funds. Account Manager makes sure that the staffs are receiving their payments in time and at the same time; the account manger ensures that the incentive that the staff receives due regular appraisal is being transferred on time. It is the job of the account manager to look after the progress stakeholders and the quarterly internal and external initiatives at the same time. Apart from these few people there are other people as well, who could be identified as the important stakeholder, which include the General and the Assistant manager, the frequent flyers, the human resource manager, the complaint and the security officer. Along with it, there is the marketing officer and the ordinary flyer and most importantly, the general staff forms the important stakeholders of the airline company. Conducting Stakeholder Analysis- Objective and Business Requirement The policies or the new information system that would be implemented in the organization would affect the stakeholders and at the same time, it may affect them as well. The CEO of the company is the most important part of the company therefore; CEO should identify the need for implementing the new information system in the company (Chevalier 2016). The finance manager of the company is responsible for sponsoring the project, without sufficient sponsor, it would not be possible for the company to implement the new information system in the company, which would beneficial for the customers of the company (XUE, SU and SHI 2015). The new information system implementation requires well-trained and sound employees in the organization and it is the job of the human resource manager to carry on the recruitment of such employees (Lienert, Schnetzer and Ingold 2013). Along with recruiting well-trained and skilled employees it is important that the existing employees are given pro[per training and thus there should be an implementation of the training and the knowledge program in the company, so that the general staff of the company do not find any problem in using this new interface (Buchanan 2014). The human resource manager here plays an important role in carrying on the training and development program for the staff, those who are there in the organization (Martin, Evans, Rice, Lodhia and Gibbons 2016). The new information system or the interface could create problem for the customers and they find it difficult in case of using it, thus the complaint officer is responsible for handling all these problems and providing a perfect solution to all these problems (Elgin. and Weible, 2013). The marketing manager is responsible for providing this particular input in the annual marketing plan of the airline schemes. The ordinary and the frequent flyers are the target group who would be benefitted from this particular implementation of a new interface or the information system (Maguire, Potts and Fletcher 2012). Stake Holder Key Interest Importance to Project Influence on Project Participation CEO Providing Customer Satisfaction High, since the CEO is the implementer. (Lim, Damian, Ishikawa and Finkelstein 2013.) High, since he is the one who will initiate the project Participate at all levels, to support every people engaged in different operations. Finance Manager Ensuring Maximum Return and Minimum Risk High, since he is going to finance the project, or rather provide sponsor to it. High, since he/she would ensure adequate control, transfer and investment. Engage in the initial level of financing the project. HR Manager Responsible for managing the staff of the organization. Medium, since the HR manager recruits the well-trained staff and at the same time, provides training to the staff. High, since the HR manager is responsible for providing those staffs who would lead to the successful implementation of the project. Engage in the recruitment and the training level. Complaint Officer Handling all the complaints Low, since the complaint officer is responsible only for eliminating the complaint, if at all there is any. Low Get engaged after the project has been implemented. Flyer Receiving the service Low, as they are at the receivers end. High, since they are the target group. Get engaged after the implementation of the project. (Figure 1: The Stakeholder Analysis Plans for quality assurance testing: Quality assurance testing is an important aspect in order to implement any system into the business processes. Hence, Holidays Inc. will have to implement quality assurance testing so that the proposed systems can successfully implement in business environment. Types of QA testing will have to performed by Holidays Inc. According to Galliers and Leidner (2014) quality assurance plan is an umbrella that encompasses all the testing required for implementing a particular project successfully. Hence, test plan of Holidays Inc proposed information system would have to consider many factors, which will help the organization to fulfill the purpose. Holidays Incs quality assurance planning will include: Process QA plan: this will allow the organization to meet the compliance and quality standard that is required to handle the customers of the organization. Application test plan: This will allow Holidays Inc to identify the kind of technical requirements it had to implement this information system QA plan also have to include development efforts: Unit test plan: This will allow to evaluate all the proposed system effectively Integrated system testing plan: This testing will include end-to-end testing regarding the functionality of all the system application Since, implementation of new information system in the business environment is a high risk investment, QA testing will also include the following: Regression testing: It will help Holidays Inc to identify the necessary changes that had to be made on the proposed system in order to make it functions effective for the proposed company. Conversion integration application testing: This will help to analyze the performance of the proposed system at the initial implementation period. This is extremely important, as it will provide an idea about the kind of impact it can have in future in the businesses processes of Holidays Inc. Proof of concept: This test will allow Holidays Inc. to be sure that the propose system will allow the company to handle its processes in an effective way. Alpha testing: This test will allow Holidays Inc. to identify the places or areas where the proposed system will have major impacts. It will also allow identifying the kind of bugs or viruses can have impact on the proposed system (Kerzner 2013). This is very important, as it will allow Holidays Inc. to take precautionary actions much more effectively, which will have positive impact on the operational process of the Holidays Inc. Pilot testing: this testing will help Holidays Inc. to improve the day-to-day business processes of the company. Particularly, as the organizations is focusing on to the implementation of combinations of system, this testing will allow the company to limit the impact of the variables that can have negative impact on the operational processes of Holidays Inc. Parallel testing: This testing is extremely effective when an organization is planning to implement several systems simultaneously (Willcocks 2013). Since, it allows organizations to identify whether each and every system is working according to its specification or not. Thus, Holidays Inc. also will have to perform this test smoothen the operational process of the organization. Stress testing: This testing will allow Holidays Inc. to identify the effectiveness of the proposed system during peak time. Thus, it will allow Holidays Inc. to test whether or not the proposed system has the capability to handle all the customers of the organization effectively. Required number of individuals From the above mentioned number of testing, it can be evaluate that Holidays Testing is looking to implement an in-depth analysis on the proposed system to make sure that it works according to its expectation. Thus Holidays Inc. will have to implement three teams and each will have five members so that QA test can be completed within the timeframe. Required time As Holidays Inc is facing trouble in handling its daily processes, QA testing will have to complete within the shortest period of time. As a result, five days considered for Quality assurance testing. Plan for change management: Change management is a process that required planning from the organization. Otherwise, it might create huge amount of negative impact on the operational process of the company. Hence, Holidays Inc will have to follow sequence of steps that is described as follows: Figure 1: Change management process Step 1: To manage the changes, Holidays Inc first has to identify the areas or the factors that has the higher probability to affect by the proposed implementation of the information system (Wu et al. 2013). This identification is a very important, as it will help Holidays Inc to develop a counter strategy for the change that is happening in the Holidays Inc. Otherwise, it will be very hard for Holidays Inc to handle the changes much more effectively. Step 2: Next step of change management will have to focus on the reasons for which the identified are affecting at the most (Schwalbe 2015). This will allow Holidays Inc to develop strategies, which will help to counter the negative impact of the implemented systems. As new system introduction required specific skills from the employees as well in order to handle the new system in a much more effective way. Step 3: This step will have to focus about the particular of change. In this case, Holidays Inc is looking to implement a combination of systems so that it can able to manage its operational process much more effectively (Haux et al. 2013). Hence, Holidays Inc will have to evaluate the cost relating to the change or implementation of new system. So that it can able to invest in the proposed information system process in a much more effective way. Step 4: This step of change manage will have to consider about the risk management strategies of Holidays Inc. Since, implementation of combinations of information system does demand a huge amount of investment from the company (Van De Walle et al. 2014). Hence, the change is associated with a certain amount of risk. Change management will allow minimizing the investment risk of the company to a great extent. Step 5: This step involves the communication of the changes to all the stakeholders of Holidays Inc. Since, implementation of system will completely changes the operational process of the company. it can have major impact on the businesses of the company. Hence, communication to the stakeholders is necessary so that they can able to adjust with the new operational process of the company. Step 6: Communication with the stakeholders will allow Holidays Inc to provide training and other facilities to the internal stakeholders of the company so that they can able to adjust with the new system much more effectively. Since, implementation of new system demands specific skills from the employees. Therefore, it will help the organization to handle the changes in much more effective way. In addition, employees will also can cope up with the new system challenges. Step 7: Lastly, implementation of new system will also create new roles for every employee to handle. As a result, Holidays Inc. will have to segregate all roles of the organizations so that they can able to manage new challenges arises because of the change in a effective manner. Role segregation is change management will also allow Holidays Inc. to minimize the chances of arising confusion in the workplace. These are the proposed steps for Holidays Inc that the organization will have to perform in order to manage the changes in a best possible way. References: Buchanan, M.A., 2014. CSR and the Social Contract: New Lenses for Stakeholder Analysis and Strategic Management. Chevalier, J.M., 2016. Stakeholder analysis and natural resource management. Elgin, D.J. and Weible, C.M., 2013. A stakeholder analysis of Colorado climate and energy issues using policy analytical capacity and the advocacy coalition framework.Review of Policy Research,30(1), pp.114-133. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Haux, R., Winter, A., Ammenwerth, E. and Brigl, B., 2013.Strategic information management in hospitals: an introduction to hospital information systems. Springer Science Business Media. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lienert, J., Schnetzer, F. and Ingold, K., 2013. Stakeholder analysis combined with social network analysis provides fine-grained insights into water infrastructure planning processes.Journal of environmental management,125, pp.134-148. Lim, S.L., Damian, D., Ishikawa, F. and Finkelstein, A., 2013. Using Web 2.0 for stakeholder analysis: StakeSource and its application in ten industrial projects. InManaging requirements knowledge(pp. 221-242). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Maguire, B., Potts, J. and Fletcher, S., 2012. The role of stakeholders in the marine planning processStakeholder analysis within the Solent, United Kingdom.Marine Policy,36(1), pp.246-257. Martin, N., Evans, M., Rice, J., Lodhia, S. and Gibbons, P., 2016. Using offsets to mitigate environmental impacts of major projects: A stakeholder analysis.Journal of environmental management,179, pp.58-65. Motro, A. and Smets, P. eds., 2012.Uncertainty management in information systems: from needs to solutions. Springer Science Business Media. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Van De Walle, B., Turoff, M. and Hiltz, S.R., 2014.Information systems for emergency management. Routledge. Willcocks, L., 2013.Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments. Springer. Wu, Y., Cegielski, C.G., Hazen, B.T. and Hall, D.J., 2013. Cloud computing in support of supply chain information system infrastructure: understanding when to go to the cloud.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(3), pp.25-41. XUE, Q., SU, M. and SHI, F., 2015. Stakeholder Analysis on the Quota Payment of Specific Diseases of New Rural Cooperative Medical System.Chinese Medical Ethics,6, p.020.